Computer Network Upgrade Proposal for Yulkee

Multiple oversea suppliers in Indonesia and Brazil
Two manufacturing plants in Korea
4 Sales offices/companies and warehouses in Seoul, Shanghai, New York, and London
And numerous customers for the sugar as producer goods or finished goods globally

Likewise, other traditional manufacturing companies, to minimize the inventory and to maximize the customer satisfaction, this business requires the streamlined business interfaces through,

Planning (Oracle’s Fusion using Hyperion): network within database servers generated through daily transactions
Supply Chain Management (SCM, Oracle’s Fusion): external communication with suppliers based on the usage of raw materials including transportation
Enterprise Resources Planning (ERP, JD Edwards EnterpriseOne) as a backbone system: communication between the servers and end-users using various interfaces (HyperText Markup Language (HTML) client on the desktop, mobile client, and Business Service with external business parties)
Customer Relationship Management (CRM, Siebel Business Application): communication with customers through the Internet
Oracle e-Commerce for the internet transaction: all Internet transactions (Oracle, 2017).

Since this upgrade proposal encompasses the server virtualization, the distributed network upgrade is in due course.

Summary of benefit using Distributed Network

A computer network is an essential technology for a distributed system for the business applications, the home applications, and the mobile users (Tanenbaum & Wetherall, 2010). In other words, the distributed systems are constructed on top of a computer network. Hence, the integration of multiple Enterprise Solutions is more or less same with the distributed process which can be successful on the distributed network.

Commonly, the aspect of distributed architecture comprises the expandability (multi-site, multiple system types, multi-channel), scalability (both network & site capacity), and reliability (multiple levels of redundancy) and resilience (Roy & Emmett, 2011). These distributed computing systems comprise computers, networks, and operating systems and application software. Though the networks are components in distributed environments, the same aspect repeats for the benefit of distributed networking. So the network is able to provide for the future network topology (flexibility), is capable of scaling and expanding (growth, scalability), and is to respond automatically to failures and sustain network traffic (high-availability, reliability) (D-Link, 2007).

Distributed Network Requirements Analysis

Functionality (Capacity, and Performance Requirement)

This upgrade encompasses hardware upgrade, enterprise solutions upgrade, and migrating to the virtual environment to meet the industry requirement which changes rapidly. Here we review the usage of each Enterprise Solutions, capacity, and performance requirement.

Planning (via Hyperion).

This system collects all data in the various database system to analyze it in the virtualized environment. This application makes use of high performance in I/O though the number of users to access this application is less than 10.

SCM (Supply Chain Management).

This layer requires the communication between Yulkee and the chain of suppliers. Yulkee post the plan and forecast which resulted in the supply and demand. Two main requirements for this application is scalability and security rather than the speed of network by putting the requirement planning data into the area where all members in SCM can access.

ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning).

This layer supports multiple communication with multiple logic and application servers. The HTML client requests a certain computation through Java Application Server (JAS), then JAS through a Logic server which accesses the database server to manipulate it. This layer enables the communication between multiple supplier's systems through Business Service (BSSV) and allows the mobile interface through the smartphones using Application Integration Services (AIS) server. Almost all the employees scattered globe are to access this application to hold the daily transactions. Hence, availability and security are the main requirements for this enterprise application.

CRM (Customer Relationship Management).

Internal application layer to maintain and support all sales matters within the organization. This layer integrates with the ERP solution directly with limited access using higher security through the application layer.

Oracle’s e-Commerce.

The customer accesses the end goods to purchase through the Internet. And this system interfaces with the ERP system. The layer requires higher availability, security, and speed through load distribution, flexible routing, WebSocket connection. For higher performance, Secure Socket Layer/Transport Layer Security (SSL/TLS) offloading, content caching, and HTTP compression can be used (Oracle, 2017).

Connectivity and Security Requirements

Yulkee can consider implementing software-based networking (SDN) to minimize the overhead in maintaining multiple servers. On the other hand, it is worthy of study on Network functions virtualization (NFV). According to the vendor, it has benefits like rapid development of software in comparison to protocol standardization and development, simplification of network maintenance due to centralized control, and ability to swiftly deploy, relocate and upgrade new features (Gittik, 2014).

Planning (via Hyperion).

The availability and speed are the main concern for this solution. So for a network topology, a typical active-passive failover mode which requests via HTTP/S to connect the virtual IP which accesses the pool of database servers (Oracle, 2017). To have the maximum I/O performance Yulkee can consider Sun Storage 16 Gb Fibre Channel PCIe Universal Host Bus Adapter (HBA), QLogic for its hardware.

SCM (Supply Chain Management).

Possibly, DeMilitarized Zone (DMZ) can be considered using a four-port Ethernet card in the firewall (Tech-FAQ, 2016). And to tackle possible vulnerability, suggesting Software Defined Networking (SDN) which has some tangible benefits like, more granular security, lower operating costs, and guaranteed content delivery (Ingrammicro, n.d.).

ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning).

The ERP system is the backbone system for Yulkee which holds daily transactions, so higher availability and security are the focal point for this software. Currently, ERP software Oracle’s JD Edwards EnterpriseOne is the Internet Application in distributed system which has link among HTML or Mobile client, JAS (Java Application Server), Logic Server, and Database Server which are all virtually connected with each other and communicate using socket call. Both (V)LAN ((Virtual) Local Network Network) and Virtual Private Network (VPN) are current way to communicate with each other, which is secured network. Desired protocol will be TCP/IP.

CRM (Customer Relationship Management).

The users for CRM overlaps with the user of ERP system when both systems are integrated well. So one of concern here is network traffic to the user using the Internet. Another consideration is to maintain higher availability, the distributed data center, and replication can be reviewed.

Oracle’s e-Commerce.

This enterprise solution is open to the public, so Yulkee has to focus on the network security. Possibly this system needs implementing some of security technology hashing for data integrity, encryption for privacy, firewalls, intrusion detection system for data integrity (Comer, 2015). Other network security methods for this system can be a reverse proxy (traceability), Secure Sockets Layer/Transport Layer Security (SSL/TLS)-enabled HTTP and TCP listener, Web Application Firewall (by defining the security rule), and HTTP Forward Proxy Support in Origin-Server Pools (Oracle, 2017).

Communication Protocols Analysis and Recommendations

Analysis – What is happening?

The hype around cloud ERP is everywhere. Many IT professional claims that on-premise is dead. So far, Yulkee was able to post daily transactions through on-premise ERP Oracle’s JD Edwards EnterpriseOne with lots of doubt on whether this solution gives them the best return on investment. In the modern computer world, it is hard for a single package to provide the user with full solutions varying unique practice. The integration of different software is arguably must-do-now.

The parties who claim on-premise is dead suggesting that through the cloud, you can transform your IT organization, you can focus on the core competencies, you can pay less, you can change your organization, and you can have world-class security (Kimberling & Bolon, 2017). Without a doubt, this due course of an upgrade for Yulkee is timely.

As suggested in Unit 1, the success of the upgrade in the area of enterprise solutions, the operating systems, and the computer network for Yulkee is highly dependent on how to configure each machine to communicate faster and more reliable because each enterprise solutions has a different audience which requires the different nature of the network.

The network protocols serve the functionalities to address data to the right recipient, physically to transmit data from source to destination with security protection, to receive the message and respond an acknowledgment (Mitchell, 2017). In the age of the Internet which is a form of statistical multiplexing, commonly the most of the protocol make use of the packet switching because which allows many-to-many communication (Comer, 2015). So next section will discuss further on the protocol suggestions for each communication channels.

To-Be Recommendation – where to go?

As discussed earlier, the upgrade project covers the integration of different enterprise solutions, the planning, SCM, ERP, CRM, and e-Commerce which have different audience and communication requirement. Here we review the protocol recommendation through Table 2-1 where most of the protocols will be an open standard.

At the high level, the management of the computer networks is to be Software-Defined Networking (SDN) because this technology enables any system to connect any other system, Storage Area Network (SAN), or Local Area Network (LAN) at any site (Oracle, 2017). Regardless actual choice made by Yulkee between the virtualized servers and the bare metal servers, the Fabric Virtualization can be used as a medium between servers and LAN/SAN.

According to IDC, the Fabric Virtualization/Interconnect uses a centralized device, often named an I/O director/gateway, which covers the physical I/O adapter (e.g., Ethernet or Fibre Channel) for multiple servers (Chen, 2013). Oracle claims that the Remote Direct Memory Access (RDMA)-enabled, 100 Gb network is used for this technology (Oracle, 2017).

Table 2-1

Communication Channel and the protocol recommendation

Requirement	Protocol	Description
Planning Communication with multiple servers	UDP	User Datagram Protocol. The Internet Protocol Suite. UDP provides a way for applications to send encapsulated IP diagrams without having to establish a connection (Tanenbaum & Wetherall, 2011). End-to-end Connectionless Message-oriented Best-effort Arbitrary Interaction Operating System Independent (Comer, 2015).
SCM Supplier to DMZ server through the Internet	TCP	Transmission Control Protocol. TCP aims for a reliable end-to-end byte stream over an unreliable internetwork (Tanenbaum & Wetherall, 2011). Connection Orientation Point-To-Point Communication Complete Reliability Full Duplex Communication Stream Interface Reliable Connection Startup Graceful Connection Shutdown (Comer, 2015).
ERP HTML client to JAS, JAS to Logic Server	HTTPS	Secure Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) which is the application layer protocol. Here we focus on, Parameter negotiation between client and server. Authentication of the server by the client. Secret communication. Data integrity protection (Tanenbaum & Wetherall, 2011). Possible mutual authentication, Application (HTTP) Security (SSL) Transport (TCP) Network (IP) Data Link (PPP) Physical Layer (modem, ADSL, etc.) (Comer, 2015).
CRM HTML client to CRM Server	VLANs	Virtual Local Area Networks (LANs). VLANs are based on VLAN-aware switches with the help of configuration tables in the bridge (Tanenbaum & Wetherall, 2011). The concept of bridging has been incorporated into network devices (modems and wireless routers, etc.) which enable VLANs (Comer, 2015). Broadcast domain A separate IP Subnet (Cisco, 2017).
e-Commerce Public user to e-Commerce Server	IP	Internet Protocol. The Internet Protocol of the network layer on the Internet. IP specifies the format of packets sent across the Internet as well as the mechanisms used to forward packets from a computer through one or more routers to a final destination (Comer, 2015). IP is designed to operate over all types of network hardware. IP Options, Security Strict source routing Loose source routing Records route Timestamp (Tanenbaum & Wetherall, 2011)

Note: In a real system, a single enterprise solution can have multiple protocols because the same application requires multiple servers. For instance, when running ERP software, the HTML client talks to the JAS, JAS to the Logic Server, and the Logic Server to the Database Server. So depending on the functionality or requirement, the protocol can be assigned. So this table is to demonstrate different protocol per OSI Reference Model, or TCP/IP Reference Model.

In summary, there can be many different protocols per layer whether we follow Open System Interconnection (OSI) Reference Model or TCP/IP Reference Model. Some are available for certain hardware or the operating systems others are tied to the specific the networking hardware or platform. Nonetheless, the goal of the distributed network is aiming at flexibility, scalability, reliability, and high-availability on top of quicker and safer network. In reviewing some industry trend, for some engineered system, the software and hardware conjunctions is connected to a virtualized, Remote Direct Memory Access (RDMA)-enabled, with 100 Gb network. And Software-defined networking (SDN) services allow any system to connect to other systems, SANs, or LANs at any site to have a fast, agile, and secure infrastructure (Oracle, 2017).

Network Traffic Analysis and Recommendations

Network Traffic Analysis per Usage

The usage of network for Yulkee can be categorized followings: Data Mining for planning solution, HTML clients for the ERP solution, and the Internet usage for Customer Relationship and Supply Chain Management. Having different topology for these solutions, here we review current requirement and future extension by analyzing current requirement properly. Regardless the server virtualization, the communication channel for these solutions are important not to disrupt the daily business. As the business grows, the enterprise opts to provide its customer and supplier with bigger software and more data in addition to the natural growth of suppliers and customers. In turn, this can cause the network congestion as a due course. Hence, the proper network usage analysis is one goal to have sustainable enterprise for any organization with effective investment which includes both infrastructure and software.

Commonly computer networks comprise the network interface or Network Interface Card (NIC), hubs, switches, routers, media (cabling), and software. In this section, we may review some of this infrastructure and software to brief the algorithm in it not to have congestion or better performance. Based on both hardware and software configuration made, the network engineer is to perform the physical layer testing, reachability and connectivity, packet analysis, network discovery, device interrogation, event monitoring, performance monitoring, flow analysis, routing and traffic engineering, configuration, security enforcement, network planning (Comer, 2015).

Data Mining for planning solution.

Purpose: Within an organization, this configuration is highly dependent on the infrastructure to handle data fetching from multiple database servers.
The traffic estimates: Likewise any big data analysis, the main concern here is the size of data rather than the number of requests. Each server is real-time production data, the request for data are to be compromised with other enterprise solutions. Hence, the peak traffic time follows other applications run.
Considerations: Yulkee is looking for superior I/O connectivity where the servers are virtualized. So this storage networking requires faster and cost-efficient solution. Since this solution is read only routine, other solutions can impact this. For the best storage networking, Yulkee may implement the host bus adapter (for instance, 16 Gb Fibre Channel (FC) PCIe Universal Host Bus (HBA), and switches and directors for Storage Area Network (SAN) to meet the requirement.

HTML client for ERP.

Purpose: Throughput and latency are key factors for this system. All named users who interact with servers through HTML client. 5,000 users globally which can be over 2,000 concurrent users. The simplified communication structure is users run both interactive application and batch application. Interactive applications talk to JAS for the presentation, and the JAS is talking to Logic Server where all the C business functions are running, which in turn for I/O, communicate with the database server. Whereas the batch applications are always running in the logic server.
The traffic estimates: During month-end closing, the highest network traffic is expected. Possibly this layer is sitting on top of VLAN to have proper communication in the server virtualization.
Considerations: The ERP system is a backbone solution for Yulkee to sustain the business without having any downtime. Regardless the end user's location, the multiple communicative servers are to perform its best performance.

WWW for CRM and SCM.

Purpose: Multiple users can access these open systems which are located in DMZ for security reason. So this network follows a typical Internet where the size of data and the number of users are growing.
The traffic estimates: Though these servers are meant for business, it is proper to assume the maximum capacity.
Considerations: Higher availability is important for this system to satisfy the needs from suppliers and customers through load balancing.

Recommendation for each usage – congestion control methodology

Common ways to attempt to avoid network congestion are make it have enough capacity having proper analysis, design or make use of the routing less used, do not accept additional traffic when it is about to congested, feedback to the request to slow down, and shedding load (Tanenbaum & Wetherall, 2011). Table 3-1 below is a possible suggestion for Yulkee per usage of the network to have streamlined business without investing huge amount.

Table 3-1

Congestion control methodology

Network	Method	Description
Storage Networking Data Analysis	SDN	Software-Defined Network. Allows for more agile networks by abstracting the static architecture of conventional networks into a software-controlled layer (Oracle, 2017). Some literature represents it as Software-Managed Networks (SMN) because this concept is not simply meaning the virtualization of software hardware (Kassner, 2014). Hence, the purpose of SDN is to supply open interfaces which enable the development of software to control the connectivity supplied by a set of network resources and the flow of network traffic through them (Bailey, et al., 2014). A centralized approach (transparent to the system & easy to deploy). The control delay between an OpenFlow-enabled switch (OF-switch) and the controller can be virtually ignored (Lu, Ling, Zhu, Tang, 2017). Since the application is network-aware, so the correlation of congestion issues can be done automatically (Bakalov, 2015). Centralized control of multi-vendor environments, reduce complexity, a higher rate of innovation, increase reliability and security, more granular network control, better user experience, and so forth (Open Networking Foundation, 2012).
Local Area Networking ERP	VLAN	Virtual Local Area Network. VLAN is a logical segmentation of network. VLANs is based on VLAN-aware switches with the help of configuration tables in the bridge (Tanenbaum & Wetherall, 2011). The concept of bridging has been incorporated into network devices (modems and wireless routers, etc.) which enable VLANs (Comer, 2015). Broadcast Domain A separate IP subnet (Cisco, 2017). Security feature by controlling over each port and user Performance benefit for broadcasts and multicasts Simplified Administration Reduce cost of ownership by eliminating routers (Varadarajan, 1997). Physical Layer Transparency
WWW SCM & CRM	QoS	Quality of Service An industry-wide set of standards and mechanisms for ensuring high-quality performance for critical applications using Admission Control Service (ACS), Subnet Bandwidth Management (SBM), Traffic Control (TC), Packet Classifier, and Packet Scheduler (Microsoft, 2003). By determining, what applications need from the network, how to regulate the traffic that enters the network, how to reserve resources at routers to guarantee performance, and whether the network can safely accept more traffic (Tanenbaum & Wetherall, 2011). A business-specific network management Ensure time-sensitive; mission-critical applications have source to use Improve better user experience Minimize the investment by making use of existing network infrastructure Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) is part of QoS A complex subset of traffic management mechanisms Virtual Circuit (VC) establishment controls Quality of Service (QoS) parameters (Ferguson & Huston, 1998). Congestion Avoidance using Available Bit Rate (ABR), and Weighted Random Early Detection (WRED) Bandwidth Schedulers with Weighted Round Robin (WRR), and Rate Scheduling (Cisco, 1999).

Note: All methodology above is more related with software than the physical networking infrastructure. As multiple kinds of literature indicate, these can have the best performance with proper hardware configuration.

In summary, the growing usage of the network is faster than the development of the network hardware and software. So it is crucial to measure and implement some of emerging technology to have the best outcome per limited investment.

Network Design and Architecture

Enterprise-wise topology

Figure 4.1 is high-level communication diagram for Yulkee to have seamless communication among the enterprise solutions without compromising the security concern in the virtualized environment. The core part of this implementation is related with

Network Topology

Figure 4.1. Enterprise Wise Network Architecture

Above diagram is very high-level generic configurations and putting in the main communication channel. As a result, the Internet access from the end-users is not described here. The cloud here is assumed either the hosted services or bare metal configuration.

Software-Defined Network (SDN)

As discussed earlier, the whole purpose of this proposal is not to compromise the security vulnerability with proper network congestion control. A typical configuration for SDN is adding layer in between infrastructure layer and application layer to have better control on traffic. Figure 4.1 shows basic architecture of SDN.

Software Defined Network

Figure 4.1. Software-Defined Network

The benefit of above configuration is that it is programmable directly, agile, centrally managed, programmatically configured (Opennetworking, 2017).

Infrastructure and Software Requirements

For the successful migration from a traditional server-client system to the virtual environments, Yulkee is to consider below factors,

Physical network: to configure VLANs, Routing, Border Gateway Protocol (BGP), and Data Center Bridging. This comprises the management and the virtualization for logical network configuration, the logical network for gateway and the software load balancer, and the storage for the logical network.
Physical host machines: to enable hypervisor (e.g., Hyper-V) to run.
Routing infrastructure: to create a BGP peer on the router that is used by your SDN infrastructure to receive routes.
And Default gateways: to connect to multiple networks (McIllece et al., 2017).

Microsoft suggest the capacity as shown Table 4-1 below,

Table 4-1

Virtual machine role requirements

Role	vCPU	Memory & Disk
Network Controller (3)	4 vCPUs	8 Gb & 75 Gb
SLB/MUX (3)	8 vCPUs	Software Load Balancing (SLB) & multiplexer (MUX) 8 Gb & 75 Gb
RAS Gateway	8 vCPUs	Remote Access Services (RAS) 8 Gb & 75 Gb
BGP router for SLB/MUX	2 vCPUs	Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) 2 Gb & 75 Gb

Note: The hard disk memory is to be located in Operating System which to hold the Hypervisor (McIllece et al., 2017).

Infrastructure and Software Cost Analysis

The engineered systems are pre-integrated to reduce the cost and complexity of IT infrastructures while increasing productivity and performance (Oracle, 2017). At a glance, each engineered systems cost from USD 50,000 through 1.2 Million for a single machine for Oracle Database Appliance through Oracle Exadata Database Machine in case Yulkee has to own its machine. And this configuration incurs high maintenance cost without saying. Whereas moving the enterprise to the virtualization or clouds, the most of the cost factors diminishes because Yulkee is making use of existing network infrastructure where the network software is supplied by the hosting company. Refer to Table 4-2 for the detail cost analysis in moving the cloud.

Table 4-2

Virtual machine role requirements

Component	Unit	Description & Cost/Month
Oracle PaaS	5	Platform as a service including database servers and logic servers. 5 * 10,000.00 = 50,000.00
ISP Leasing	4 region	Including the network infra structure 4 * 6,000.00 = 24,000.00 for 60,000 users
SUM		74,000.00/Month ( 888,000.00 / a Year)

Component

Unit

Description & Cost/Month

Oracle PaaS

Platform as a service including database servers and logic servers.

5 * 10,000.00 = 50,000.00

ISP Leasing

4 region

Including the network infra structure

4 * 6,000.00 = 24,000.00 for 60,000 users

SUM

74,000.00/Month ( 888,000.00 / a Year)

Note: Actual benefit can be realized when above services include the labor for maintenance.

Future Needs Analysis and Recommendations

Emerging Technology in Distributed Networking

It will be meaningful to start with the list of the trends in computer network technology in the area of the distributed environment because these trends lead us to the future technology for both hardware and software. Most of these technologies are related to the Internet which continues to evolve. In turn, the trends contain technologies for better security, scalability, higher speed, and mobility.

Table 5-1 reads the trend in networking technologies and current use.

Table 5-1

Congestion control methodology

Trend	Description
Scalable Internet Services	The Internet is based on the client-server model, which resulted in a possible bottleneck in the server or hosting side. To overcome this issue, content caching, web load balancer,
Content Caching (Akamai)	Through distributing caching service by putting multiple sets of servers throughout the Internet (akamai, 2017).
Web Load Balancer	A typical data center configuration which has multiple servers which connect to a single data repository. In this example, the load balancer is sitting in betweens the Internet connection and the physical servers.
Server Virtualization	Using a Virtual Machine (VM) which allow user to manage multiple servers (Web Server, Application Server, Logic Server, Database Server, etc.)
Peer-to-Peer Communication	Napster is a typical example, which enabled fast download of music files
Distributed Data Centers and Replication	Commonly by replicating the whole site with example of Google search engine
Universal Representation	The Extensible Markup Language (XML) enabled any machine can talk to other machine sits on different operating system. Most of the communication among business entities are done through XML for Yulkee
Higher-Speed Access and Switching	The changed in networking infrastructure – Gigabit speed
Cloud Computing	The cost saving drives this trend, and most of the new customers go to this approach than the conventional bare-metal installation. It’s a style of computing based on shared, elastic resources delivered to users in a self-service, metered manner using web technologies (Oracle, 2017).
Overlay Networking	Overlay networking empowers a certain organization to supply restricted access, better security, and nonstandard communication. This approach gives users the illusion of dedicated connections even though the package travels across the Internet
Middleware	The primary purpose of middleware in the distributed network is to provide the single sign-on in accessing multiple servers for daily business
IPv6	It is still in transition from IPv4 to IPv6 with some hesitation because of the overhead of IPv6 is higher. However many companies move to this to have a globally-unique machine address

Note: Most of the technologies used listed above is already arrived (Comer, 2015).

Some trend maybe affects the future topology, but other may be replaced by other emerging technologies. Commonly, software-defined networking in a wide area network (SD-WAN), Automation and Orchestration, Cloud Networking, and Visibility and Analytics are the emerging technologies which affect the future computer networking (Savage, 2017). If we restrict this topic to the network congestion control, then possibly the congestion control using the machine learning, software defined networks (SDN), and the Google Congestion Control (GCC) algorithm (Varma, 2015).

3 Potential Changes to Come

When AlphaGo from Deepmind beats the best Go player, which has shocked the world. This is the paradigm change for human that machine is learning things by itself based on given algorithm. So possibly machine learning may give us the better solution for better performance and better congestion control mechanism shortly.

As described above, here we may review some changes to come which are SD-WAN, Automation and Orchestration, Cloud Networking, and Visibility and Analytics are the emerging technologies which affect the future computer networking in detail.

Table 5-2

Potential changes to come for computer networking in the distributed environment

Technology	Description (Advantage and disadvantage)
SD-WAN	Software-Defined Networking in a Wide Area Network Conventionally either leasing or build site-to-site VPN tunnels over the internet. Benefits Enable aggregate data transport Leverage end-to-end network visibility Optimize WAN traffic using caching and advanced compression Example Cisco iWAN, Silver Peak Unity (Froehlich, 2015).
Network Orchestration	Network Orchestration is more related with the business model rather than network technology itself. Commonly this is working with Cloud Orchestration since Cloud is everywhere. Benefits Automation (not individually as a bundle with unified approach – same look and feel) Flexibility Relationship-centric Improve visibility and control No ownership Example Tripadvisor, Alibaba, Red Hat, Airbnb, and Uber (Rubin, 2015).
Cloud Networking	To connect private and public cloud in hybrid cloud computing. This networking is essential to bring business from public cloud to Benefit Adopt the benefit of cloud computing Cost saving (pay as you spend) Decoupling with cloud computing Higher availability Better mobility and collaboration Example Nuage Networks, VMWare
Network Analytics	To have a better understanding of network, enabling smarter, data-driven decision (ciena, n.d.). Benefit Simplify data collection across data sources Computational scale and accuracy Automated, data-driven network control As a result, improve service quality and capacity planning (Wheless & Gandolfo, 2013). Example Juniper, Arista, Cisco

Note: Oracle put emphasis on Orchestration-ready web services with the various enterprise product. In the end, software plays an important role for the technology referenced above.

Forbes introduced some emerging technology which can impact the computers and its network. Some examples are the Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), and others argue the real big thing is a big data as well as machine learning. Whatever the future is all these technologies affects the computer network in the distributed organization. So it is worthwhile to watch out what is coming.

Future Network Consideration for Yulkee

In any computing environment, it is hard to decouple software from hardware. And the computer networking is no exception. The biggest transition is the change of ownership in many areas of various industry for the network infrastructure as well as software. Since the purpose of business remains same that is measured through the Return On Investment (ROI). So here we review possible network architecture for Yulkee to get ready to adopt new technology.

To survive in the stiffer competition in the sugar market environment, Yulkee has to implement seamless communications across the business channel as we have discussed earlier where communication takes places both vertical and horizontal level. Some of the possible options are,

Move the entire Enterprise Solutions (Planning, ERP, SCM, CRM, and e-Commerce) to the Cloud. These applications have to be mission-critical based on the Service Level Agreement (SLA ) with the vendor (e.g., Oracle).
Implement both public clouds and private clouds to have controlling power on some data and applications. Connect these clouds using the technology of the cloud networking.
Make use of SD-WAN to connect multiple branches across the globe, or select vendor that support this configuration. This configuration has to be based on SD-WAN Orchestration using network virtualization software.
Implement Software-defined network (SDN) for data centers to have better congestion control and better security among databases server which hold the business data.
Make full use of the network analytics tools to monitor and make a decision dynamically.

Summary

The transformation from the server-client model to the clouds model change the most aspects of a computing environment including the computer network. Nevertheless, it is high time for Yulkee to review the current configuration and be ready to embrace the open opportunities to adopt new technologies.

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